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2015年消化疾病周(DDW)上個(gè)月在華盛頓圓滿召開(kāi),David A.Johnson教授(Eastern Virginia醫(yī)學(xué)院消化科主任,醫(yī)學(xué)教授)近日在Medscape網(wǎng)站上對(duì)本屆DDW熱點(diǎn)研究進(jìn)行匯總,已經(jīng)更新了嗜酸細(xì)胞性食管炎,乳糜瀉,賁門失弛緩癥,克羅恩病和內(nèi)鏡檢查等方面的研究進(jìn)展,今日繼續(xù)更新,詳情如下:
胃食管反流病的治療
一項(xiàng)關(guān)于胃食管反流病治療的研究對(duì)LINX?反流管理系統(tǒng)(Torax Medical,Inc.;Shoreview,Minnesota)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。LINX是一個(gè)磁性裝置,用來(lái)增強(qiáng)食道下端括約肌。Ganz領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究[1]目前已經(jīng)公布了來(lái)自100名患者的5年數(shù)據(jù)。所有患者在研究開(kāi)始時(shí)都在服用質(zhì)子泵抑制劑(PPIs),5年內(nèi)質(zhì)子泵抑制劑的使用率為15%.在該項(xiàng)研究中比較有意思的發(fā)現(xiàn)是反流率降低,而反流是日常處理最容易出問(wèn)題的癥狀。研究中5年內(nèi)反流率從基線的57%降低到1.2%.這說(shuō)明這種療法是一種持久方式,沒(méi)有明顯的氣體或腫脹影響。應(yīng)用這個(gè)裝置后惡心和無(wú)力嘔吐得到極大解決。
胰腺功能不全
研究人員通常從腹瀉評(píng)估開(kāi)始,做一個(gè)乳糜瀉的全面報(bào)告??赡軙?huì)涉及胰彈性蛋白酶和糞便彈性蛋白酶試驗(yàn)以評(píng)估胰腺功能不全。但是,乳糜瀉患者和糞便彈性蛋白酶水平相當(dāng)?shù)偷幕颊哂忻黠@重疊。一項(xiàng)有趣的研究[2]對(duì)36名乳糜瀉患者進(jìn)行觀察,其中7例糞便彈性蛋白酶水平低。(1例患者出現(xiàn)急性胰腺炎)。這7名患者用胰腺超聲內(nèi)鏡進(jìn)行研究;沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)異常。在6個(gè)月無(wú)麩質(zhì)飲食結(jié)束時(shí),7名患者中有6名糞便彈性蛋白酶水平恢復(fù)正常。此外,沒(méi)有對(duì)胰腺補(bǔ)充劑干預(yù)。當(dāng)觀察麩質(zhì)敏感性腸病時(shí),應(yīng)該記住的是,這些患者實(shí)際上可能是有較低的糞便彈性蛋白酶水平。
腸易激綜合征
在今年DDW上,兩項(xiàng)報(bào)告[3,4]與薄荷油治療相關(guān),這是薄荷油作為一種可用試劑在最新腸易激綜合征(IBS)指南(該指南由美國(guó)胃腸病學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)布)中再次被提出。這兩項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注這種新觀點(diǎn)。
薄荷醇是薄荷油的主要成分,有抗痙攣、止暈、止排氣的作用,以及局部止痛作用,一種5-HT3受體拮抗劑。該項(xiàng)研究是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于IBS-D(腹瀉型)和IBS-M(混合型)的前瞻性隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)。登記在冊(cè)的有72名參與者,終點(diǎn)為4周。
薄荷油積極治療中獲得將近兩倍的增值增益。IBgard是一種非處方,市場(chǎng)上可買到的藥品,看起來(lái)作用顯著。實(shí)際上,所有的中度至重度癥狀的患者都得到改善,尤其是相關(guān)的腹痛或不適、腹脹或擴(kuò)張。對(duì)于便秘并沒(méi)有改善。對(duì)于排氣、便不盡感或頑固性便秘,在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上都得到顯著改善。使用這種藥物的閾值很低,與其良好的獲益有關(guān)。
Barrett食管
關(guān)于Barrett食管的研究今年DDW上有不少,其中一項(xiàng)是關(guān)于低級(jí)別不典型增生[5].該項(xiàng)研究是前瞻性注冊(cè)的Mayo經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有經(jīng)過(guò)可識(shí)別的觀察者間差異,對(duì)Mayo專家來(lái)說(shuō)是高度敏感的。在研究的337名患者中,疾病進(jìn)展率相當(dāng)?shù)汀牡图?jí)別不典型增生進(jìn)展到高級(jí)別不典型增生或食管癌的發(fā)生率每年約為0.8%.這是非常低的,與通常的很多歐洲研究大不相同。
在上述研究的背景下,讓我們進(jìn)一步觀察不確定性異型增生。
Pennsylvania大學(xué)Falk博士小組的研究對(duì)354名不確定性異型增生患者進(jìn)行觀察[6].反應(yīng)性異型增生有時(shí)是混亂,至少在很多機(jī)構(gòu)是這種情況。而實(shí)際上觀察到的患者是排除了流行疾病后的,因此患者沒(méi)有異型增生。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的不確定性異型增生相當(dāng)少。任何異型增生的高度異型增生或食管癌發(fā)生率為1.4例每100人-年。這提示不確定性異型增生不應(yīng)該被忽略。
此外,Johnson教授提到兩篇最新論文。一篇發(fā)表在《American Journal of Gastroenterology》雜志上,是BOB CAT指南[7],這是一個(gè)Delphi共識(shí)指南,為不典型增生、低度異型增生和不確定性異型增生提供建議,和監(jiān)測(cè)建議,這值得關(guān)注的。另外一項(xiàng)研究來(lái)自西雅圖華盛頓大學(xué)[8],研究人員觀察了不確定性異型增生,發(fā)表在《Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology》雜志上。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Ganz RA, Horgan S, Jacobsen GR, et al. Long-term results confirm safety and efficacy of a magnetic esophageal device for GERD. Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract 688.
[2]Rana SS, Dambalkar A, Sharma R, et al. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in ** patients with celiac disease: is it due to structural alterations in pancreatic parenchyma? Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract Sa1288.
[3]Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. IBgard, a novel small intestine targeted delivery system of peppermint oil, results in significant improvement in severe and unbearable IBS symptom intensity. Results from a US based, 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center IBSREST trial. Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract Su1373.
[4]Epstein MS, Cash BD, Shah SM. IBS is a syndrome of inter-related symptoms. The cause is multi-factorial and its epicenter is the small intestine. A US based, placebo-controlled trial shows that PO's targeted delivery provides significant improvement in the syndrome of symptoms. Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract Su1372.
[5]Krishnamoorthi R, Crews NR, Johnson ML, et al. Rates and predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus with low grade dysplasia: results from a prospective U.S. registry. Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract Sa1067.
[6]Ma M, Tierney A, Shroff S, et al. Risk of malignant progression in Barrett's esophagus indefinite for dysplasia. Program and abstracts of Digestive Disease Week; May 16-19, 2015; Washington, DC. Abstract 120.
[7]Bennet C, Moayyedi P, Corley DA, et al. BOB CAT: a large-scale review and Delphi consensus for management of Barrett's esophagus with no dysplasia, indefinite for, or low-grade dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110:662-682.
[8]Choi WT, Emond MJ, Rabinovitch PS, Ahn J, Upton MP, Westerhoff M. “Indefinite for dysplasia” in Barrett's esophagus: inflammation and DNA content abnormality are significant predictors of early detection of neoplasia. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6:e81.
腸易激綜合征(IBS)是一種常見(jiàn)的胃腸道障礙,以腹痛或腹部不適為特征,伴有...[詳細(xì)]
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